摄影构图的思维方式(转)
[color=red]摄影构图的思维方式——形态重叠[/color]提起摄影构图,我们就会想到公式化的对角线、井字、S型、框架式、三角形构图……诚然这些构图方式是艺术家们的经验之谈,但是局限性非常大。在摄影的数字化时代,构图已经不仅仅是指拍摄时对画面的布局了,更包含了在后期创作时对素材的结合。这里我希望通过对一些作品的案例分析,带给大家一些关于构图的思考方法,使我们的摄影可以摆脱以往画面的呆板,在视觉上获得更多的新鲜感。
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形态重叠,简单说是两个以上不同元素轮廓的重叠。重叠的主体可以是轮廓相同的、轮廓不同的,
也可以是整体与整体、整体与局部。重叠方式也有很多种,可以是融入、嵌入、并列、对比 …通过对不同元素轮廓的重新排列组合,形成新的空间关系,展现创作意图。1a0V*|Z(xc
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[color=red]摄影构图的思维方式——夸张对比[/color]
在画面中包含两个以上的主体时,夸张的表现某个主体,从而与画面中另(群)主体形成
强烈的大小的反差效应。夸张对比实质上就是以非正常的比例概念,颠覆人们的视觉经验,从而达到突出展示这一主体的目的。常用的方法是利用广角镜头的透视效果和巧合的拍摄角度来强调主有时也会利用道具获得效果。
[align=center][url=http://static.chinavisual.com/storage/resources/2007/10/15/132254I227430P43566T1.jpg.shtml][img]http://static.chinavisual.com/storage/resources/2007/10/15/132254I227430P43566T1.jpg[/img][/url]2r z.aSs-e([,l j
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[url=http://static.chinavisual.com/storage/resources/2007/10/15/132254I227432P43566T1.jpg.shtml][img]http://static.chinavisual.com/storage/resources/2007/10/15/132254I227432P43566T1.jpg[/img][/url][/align][align=left][color=red]摄影构图的思维方式——形态切断[/color][/align][align=left]形态切断是将画面的主体分割、打断,再按照作者的意图排列和构成。这种形态切断构成,不是单纯的元素罗列,而是有意识的打破、组合、配置、构成。拍摄时将主体分割和组合的方法有很多种,我们这里简单的列举一下:物体的遮挡、质感的不同、明暗的变化……[/align]
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[color=red]摄影构图的思维方式——隐形构成[/color]IH(C3C8^5`8c
隐形构成,是一种较委婉的构图方式,不直接表现主体本身,而是利用主体的影子、轮廓、边缘、代表的含义等,替代主体出现在画面中。似形而蔽,含于其中。附于实物存在的隐藏形态与超越现实的想象是促成艺术表现的重要手段,表现起来很容易达到一语双关、一箭双雕的效果。在电影海报中常用到这一方法。
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[color=red]摄影构图的思维方式——偷梁换柱[/color][/align][align=left]这个构成方法实际上就是画面中某一元素的替代关系。即减少某一局部元素,增补另外一个有内在关联或形式上大致相同的元素,力图表现双方在视觉上的统一和内容上的矛盾,以达到令人惊奇的可能性及视觉效果。备受广告业推崇的AbsoIutVodka(经典伏特加)的平面广告中就大量使用了这种方法。[/align]
[url=http://static.chinavisual.com/storage/resources/2007/10/15/133348I227460P43570T1.jpg.shtml][img]http://static.chinavisual.com/storage/resources/2007/10/15/133348I227460P43570T1.jpg[/img][/url]
[align=center][url=http://static.chinavisual.com/storage/resources/2007/10/15/133348I227461P43570T1.jpg.shtml][img=700,498]http://static.chinavisual.com/storage/resources/2007/10/15/133348I227461P43570T1.jpg[/img][/url][/align][color=red]摄影构图的思维方式——对称[/color]3^D#pZN7D(Q z
对称是最经典的构图方式,现代人在用构图形式表现对称的基础上,溶入了更多心理上的感应作用。换句话说,不是单纯的实物的形式对称。主体可以正反形态、投影形态的对称,但局部一般会出现不同量或质的不对称。R6L$wG\u1|i {
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[url=http://static.chinavisual.com/storage/resources/2007/10/15/133647I227465P43571T1.jpg.shtml][img]http://static.chinavisual.com/storage/resources/2007/10/15/133647I227465P43571T1.jpg[/img][/url]
[url=http://static.chinavisual.com/storage/resources/2007/10/15/133647I227466P43571T1.jpg.shtml][img=700,530]http://static.chinavisual.com/storage/resources/2007/10/15/133647I227466P43571T1.jpg[/img][/url][/align][align=left][color=red]摄影构图的思维方式——视觉推移[/color][/align][align=left]视觉推移实质上就是画面上主体的渐变过渡。可以是不同主体之间的过渡过程,也可以是同一物体是由一种形态过渡到另一种形态,在这种变化过程中,具有超自然的假想性,可以借助图形来实现。通过构筑手段在一个空间配置中表现出两种截然不同的空间关系,这在广告设计中往往取得意想不到的成功。[/align]-B.x9^E1j ~
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[url=http://static.chinavisual.com/storage/resources/2007/10/15/134336I227479P43574T1.jpg.shtml][img]http://static.chinavisual.com/storage/resources/2007/10/15/134336I227479P43574T1.jpg[/img][/url]
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[url=http://static.chinavisual.com/storage/resources/2007/10/15/134336I227480P43574T1.jpg.shtml][img]http://static.chinavisual.com/storage/resources/2007/10/15/134336I227480P43574T1.jpg[/img][/url][/align][color=red]摄影构图的思维方式——影子效应[/color]
强调对影子这一特殊元素加以变化处理,使影子效应在某种程度上揭示所表达的图形主题。在设计画面时突出影子元素,或在影子形态上、形影关系上有意运用变异手法,可以把同质投影或异质投影的不同角度、不同维度空间和不同事物巧妙地组接,达到心理和视觉的统。s0Tz Vr
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[align=center][url=http://static.chinavisual.com/storage/resources/2007/10/15/135136I227495P43576T1.jpg.shtml][img]http://static.chinavisual.com/storage/resources/2007/10/15/135136I227495P43576T1.jpg[/img][/url]
[url=http://static.chinavisual.com/storage/resources/2007/10/15/135136I227496P43576T1.jpg.shtml][img]http://static.chinavisual.com/storage/resources/2007/10/15/135136I227496P43576T1.jpg[/img][/url]:pt` E l l5z
[url=http://static.chinavisual.com/storage/resources/2007/10/15/135136I227497P43576T1.jpg.shtml][img]http://static.chinavisual.com/storage/resources/2007/10/15/135136I227497P43576T1.jpg[/img][/url][/align][align=left][color=red]摄影构图的思维方式——元素重叠[/color][/align][align=left]同一形状和质地的元素在一幅画面中有秩序的重复出现,形式上的重复而产生节奏感和韵律感。强烈的刺激人的视觉,充分增强观赏者对这形状的印象和记忆。具体应用这种构图方式时,可以安排数量相当的同类元素以相同的状态出现的画面中,也可以利用镜子的反射、多次曝光或者后期制作来完成。[/align]
